A bubble study is a noninvasive test that lets healthcare providers look at the flow of blood through the heart. It is done as part of a medical imaging study called an echocardiogram (echo) that shows the heart's structure. A bubble study is also known as an agitated saline contrast study.

Understanding the Context

A bubble study is a test done in conjunction with an echocardiogram to check for the presence of a tiny opening between the heart's upper chambers called a patent foramen ovale. Such an opening could explain how an unexpected stroke happened. The TCD/TCCD bubble test (bubble study) is a non-invasive imaging method designed to detect right-to-left shunts, particularly PFO. The bubble test, formally known as an agitated saline contrast echocardiogram, is a non-invasive diagnostic procedure.

Key Insights

It is a specialized form of cardiac ultrasound that helps visualize blood flow patterns within the heart. The PFO test with TCD is often called a “bubble test”, “bubble study”, or “agitated saline” because it involves the intravenous injection of micro-bubbles (air mixed saline). Along with the injection, the Doppler signal is recorded with a TCD system, most often in the Middle Cerebral artery (MCA). A positive bubble study, also known as a bubble contrast echocardiogram, is a diagnostic test used to detect a heart condition called a patent foramen ovale (PFO). Have you ever heard about a nurse purposefully injecting bubbles into a patient’s vein as part of a diagnostic test?

Final Thoughts

It’s called an agitated saline study and it’s one of the key ways we identify serious cardiac abnormalities in patients. An international team of scientists has successfully shown that swarms of rising bubbles create turbulence that behaves exactly as predicted by a well-known theory developed nearly a century ago. For ...